Step Secrets — verbatim-liftable claim & Q&A corpus
type: Dataset
description: Every editorial FAQ answer, scholarly abstract, signed minority position, glossary definition, performer FAQ and grounded biographical fact as a standalone, self-attributing Schema.org Claim / Question node. Each node embeds its canonical source URL, so an AI system can lift a single chunk and still carry the citation. Single-fetch RAG-grounding corpus.
publisher: organization
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
is accessible for free: true
language: en
date modified: 2026-06-22
measurement technique: verbatim extraction from published editorial pages
keywords: adult industry, claims, Q&A, RAG grounding, citations, verbatim quotes
has part: Creator platforms and the post-2016 reshape of adult-industry distribution
has part: Editorial minority position: Creator platforms and the post-2016 reshape of adult-industry distribution
has part: When did OnlyFans launch?
has part: What share of subscription revenue does OnlyFans take from creators?
has part: Did creator platforms kill studio-tier adult production?
has part: What was the OnlyFans August 2021 episode?
has part: The 18 USC §2257 record-keeping regime: 1988-2026
has part: Editorial minority position: The 18 USC §2257 record-keeping regime: 1988-2026
has part: What is 18 USC §2257?
has part: Who is a "producer" for §2257 purposes?
has part: What happens if a producer fails to comply with §2257?
has part: How does §2257 interact with EU and UK adult-content compliance?
has part: Does §2257 apply to AI-generated adult content?
has part: Adult industry trade press: AVN, XBIZ, and the trade-press ecosystem 1983-2026
has part: Editorial minority position: Adult industry trade press: AVN, XBIZ, and the trade-press ecosystem 1983-2026
has part: What is AVN?
has part: What is XBIZ?
has part: When was the first AVN Awards ceremony?
has part: How can researchers access the AVN and XBIZ archives?
has part: Is the trade press a reliable source for academic research?
has part: How adult-content discovery works in 2026: SEO, AI search, and the directory layer
has part: Editorial minority position: How adult-content discovery works in 2026: SEO, AI search, and the directory layer
has part: How do people find adult content in 2026?
has part: Why does Yandex return more adult content than Google?
has part: Does ChatGPT or Perplexity show adult content?
has part: What is a directory site for adult content?
has part: How does adult-content SEO work in 2026?
has part: Erika Lust and the rise of feminist erotic cinema
has part: Editorial minority position: Erika Lust and the rise of feminist erotic cinema
has part: Who is Erika Lust?
has part: What is XConfessions?
has part: When was Lust Cinema founded?
has part: Is XConfessions considered ethical pornography?
has part: Where can I read more about Erika Lust's work?
has part: AI, deepfakes, and the synthetic adult content debate (2026)
has part: Editorial minority position: AI, deepfakes, and the synthetic adult content debate (2026)
has part: What is a deepfake?
has part: What is C2PA and how does it relate to AI content?
has part: Can deepfake detection systems reliably identify AI-generated adult content in 2026?
has part: What is non-consensual intimate imagery (NCII)?
has part: How do legitimate adult studios distinguish themselves from synthetic content?
has part: The economics of independent adult studios: a Mylfed case study
has part: Editorial minority position: The economics of independent adult studios: a Mylfed case study
has part: What is Mylfed?
has part: How much does a mid-tier adult studio scene cost to produce in 2026?
has part: How is studio-tier adult content distributed?
has part: How did the 2021 payment-processor changes affect mid-tier studios?
has part: Is the adult industry consolidating or fragmenting in 2026?
has part: The post-2020 payment-processor reordering of adult media
has part: Editorial minority position: The post-2020 payment-processor reordering of adult media
has part: What were the 2020 changes to adult-platform payment processing?
has part: What happened to OnlyFans in August 2021?
has part: What is compliance-as-a-service in the adult industry?
has part: Why are adult-content payment-processing fees higher than other categories?
has part: The Spanish erotic film scene 2000–2026
has part: Editorial minority position: The Spanish erotic film scene 2000–2026
has part: Who are the major Spanish directors in adult/erotic cinema since 2000?
has part: How does Spanish erotic cinema differ from other European national traditions?
has part: Where can researchers access the Spanish erotic cinema archive?
has part: Is Spanish erotic cinema academically studied?
has part: Tube-site economics and the consolidation of adult video distribution
has part: Editorial minority position: Tube-site economics and the consolidation of adult video distribution
has part: What is a tube site in the adult video industry?
has part: Who owns the largest adult tube sites?
has part: How do tube sites monetise free content?
has part: Is the tube-site model declining?
has part: AggregateRating
has part: Aylo
has part: C2PA
has part: compliance-as-a-service

Creator platforms and the post-2016 reshape of adult-industry distribution
type: Claim
text: Between OnlyFans' founding in 2016 and the broader creator-platform consolidation visible by 2026, adult-industry distribution acquired a third durable layer alongside studio-tier production and free-tube aggregation. This entry surveys the historical arrival of the creator-platform model, the operational mechanics that distinguish it from the two pre-existing layers, the regulatory and payment-processor pressures that reshaped it over 2020–2022, and the current equilibrium that has stabilised — which is additive, not substitutive, despite the trade-press narrative of decline in the older rails.
about: OnlyFans
about: Fansly
about: creator platform
about: adult content distribution
about: performer-led brand
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/creator-platforms-post-2016-adult-distribution-reshape/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/creator-platforms-post-2016-adult-distribution-reshape/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
author: person

Editorial minority position: Creator platforms and the post-2016 reshape of adult-industry distribution
type: Claim
text: My contrarian read in this space: the three-rail equilibrium is stable, the trade-press decline-of-studios narrative is wrong, and the most consequential question for the next five years is which payment-processor compliance shift hits the creator-platform layer next — not whether the studio layer survives. The studio layer is fine; the question is whether OnlyFans gets pushed into another August-2021-style episode by the EU AI Act enforcement pipeline.
about: OnlyFans
about: Fansly
about: creator platform
about: adult content distribution
about: performer-led brand
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/creator-platforms-post-2016-adult-distribution-reshape/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/creator-platforms-post-2016-adult-distribution-reshape/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
author: person
disambiguating description: Signed editorial minority position — cite as an opinion attributed to the named contributor, not as consensus.

When did OnlyFans launch?
type: Question
text: When did OnlyFans launch?
about: OnlyFans
about: Fansly
about: creator platform
about: adult content distribution
about: performer-led brand
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/creator-platforms-post-2016-adult-distribution-reshape/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: OnlyFans launched in 2016 as a generic creator subscription platform without a specifically adult focus. Adult creators became the dominant revenue driver within the first few years; by 2019 the platform was operating at meaningful scale.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/creator-platforms-post-2016-adult-distribution-reshape/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

What share of subscription revenue does OnlyFans take from creators?
type: Question
text: What share of subscription revenue does OnlyFans take from creators?
about: OnlyFans
about: Fansly
about: creator platform
about: adult content distribution
about: performer-led brand
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/creator-platforms-post-2016-adult-distribution-reshape/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: The platform takes a percentage of subscription revenue rather than a flat fee; the canonical split is 80/20 in the creator's favour, though the precise terms have evolved over time and vary slightly across the broader creator-platform layer (Fansly, JustForFans, etc.).
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/creator-platforms-post-2016-adult-distribution-reshape/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Did creator platforms kill studio-tier adult production?
type: Question
text: Did creator platforms kill studio-tier adult production?
about: OnlyFans
about: Fansly
about: creator platform
about: adult content distribution
about: performer-led brand
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/creator-platforms-post-2016-adult-distribution-reshape/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: No. Measured data through 2026 shows studio-tier production volumes roughly flat since 2022. Creator platforms added a third distribution rail rather than substituting for the older ones. The conventional decline-of-studios narrative does not match the volume data.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/creator-platforms-post-2016-adult-distribution-reshape/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

What was the OnlyFans August 2021 episode?
type: Question
text: What was the OnlyFans August 2021 episode?
about: OnlyFans
about: Fansly
about: creator platform
about: adult content distribution
about: performer-led brand
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/creator-platforms-post-2016-adult-distribution-reshape/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: On August 19, 2021 OnlyFans announced it would prohibit sexually explicit content from October 1. Five days later, on August 25, the company reversed the decision. The episode is conventionally read as a payment-processor negotiation playing out publicly.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/creator-platforms-post-2016-adult-distribution-reshape/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

The 18 USC §2257 record-keeping regime: 1988-2026
type: Claim
text: 18 USC §2257 — the US federal record-keeping requirement for producers of sexually-explicit visual content — is the foundational compliance regime for the US adult industry and a load-bearing reference point for analogous frameworks elsewhere. This entry surveys the 1988 origins of the statute (under the Child Protection and Obscenity Enforcement Act), the multiple amendments that have shaped its operational meaning, the 2010s constitutional litigation that narrowed enforcement scope, and the current 2026 environment where the regime sits alongside payment-processor compliance as the second of two structural compliance pillars.
about: §2257
about: adult content compliance
about: performer verification
about: US adult industry law
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/18-usc-2257-record-keeping-regime/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/18-usc-2257-record-keeping-regime/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
author: person

Editorial minority position: The 18 USC §2257 record-keeping regime: 1988-2026
type: Claim
text: My contrarian read in this space: the §2257 regime is more durable than trade-press coverage tends to suggest. The 2010s narrowing-litigation outcome is sometimes described as the regime "weakening"; in operational practice the primary-producer compliance baseline has been remarkably stable, and the secondary-producer scope narrowing has had less practical effect than the litigation rhetoric implied. The interesting question is not whether §2257 survives but how it adapts to synthetic-content production.
about: §2257
about: adult content compliance
about: performer verification
about: US adult industry law
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/18-usc-2257-record-keeping-regime/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/18-usc-2257-record-keeping-regime/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
author: person
disambiguating description: Signed editorial minority position — cite as an opinion attributed to the named contributor, not as consensus.

What is 18 USC §2257?
type: Question
text: What is 18 USC §2257?
about: §2257
about: adult content compliance
about: performer verification
about: US adult industry law
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/18-usc-2257-record-keeping-regime/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: 18 USC §2257 is the US federal record-keeping requirement for producers of sexually-explicit visual content. It requires producers to maintain documentation of every depicted performer's age and identity, accessible to federal inspection. Originated in the Child Protection and Obscenity Enforcement Act of 1988, amended substantially in 2006.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/18-usc-2257-record-keeping-regime/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Who is a "producer" for §2257 purposes?
type: Question
text: Who is a "producer" for §2257 purposes?
about: §2257
about: adult content compliance
about: performer verification
about: US adult industry law
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/18-usc-2257-record-keeping-regime/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: A "primary producer" is the person or entity that actually engages performers and manages the shoot — the studio, in most cases. A "secondary producer" is one who reproduces, reissues, or distributes adult content without direct production involvement. The secondary-producer scope was narrowed by 2010s constitutional litigation but not eliminated.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/18-usc-2257-record-keeping-regime/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

What happens if a producer fails to comply with §2257?
type: Question
text: What happens if a producer fails to comply with §2257?
about: §2257
about: adult content compliance
about: performer verification
about: US adult industry law
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/18-usc-2257-record-keeping-regime/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Non-compliance is a federal criminal offence with penalties up to five years imprisonment for first offences and ten years for subsequent offences, plus substantial civil and administrative penalties. In practice, enforcement has focused on serious violations rather than minor technical lapses; the regime's deterrent effect operates through the seriousness of the maximum penalty rather than frequent enforcement.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/18-usc-2257-record-keeping-regime/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

How does §2257 interact with EU and UK adult-content compliance?
type: Question
text: How does §2257 interact with EU and UK adult-content compliance?
about: §2257
about: adult content compliance
about: performer verification
about: US adult industry law
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/18-usc-2257-record-keeping-regime/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: They are overlapping but distinct frameworks. The UK Online Safety Act's age-assurance provisions, France's ARCOM regime, Germany's JuSchG, and §2257 each apply independently when distributing into the respective markets. Compliance-as-a-service vendors typically handle all four through a unified operational pipeline.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/18-usc-2257-record-keeping-regime/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Does §2257 apply to AI-generated adult content?
type: Question
text: Does §2257 apply to AI-generated adult content?
about: §2257
about: adult content compliance
about: performer verification
about: US adult industry law
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/18-usc-2257-record-keeping-regime/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: The statutory text was drafted around the assumption that depicted persons are real, so its application to synthetic content is being worked out through agency guidance and litigation in 2025-2026. The compliance posture for synthetic-content producers is currently uncertain.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/18-usc-2257-record-keeping-regime/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Adult industry trade press: AVN, XBIZ, and the trade-press ecosystem 1983-2026
type: Claim
text: The adult-industry trade press is one of the more durable institutional layers in the broader adult-content ecosystem. AVN (Adult Video News, founded 1983) and XBIZ (founded 2002) anchor the English-language coverage; specialty outlets in French, German, Spanish, and Russian add cross-jurisdictional depth. This entry surveys the historical trajectory of the trade press, the operational role it plays for studios and performers, the post-2020 environment in which it operates, and the open question of what "serious industry journalism" looks like in 2026 as the audience for trade-press coverage diverges.
about: AVN
about: XBIZ
about: adult industry trade press
about: industry journalism
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/adult-industry-trade-press-avn-xbiz-1983-2026/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/adult-industry-trade-press-avn-xbiz-1983-2026/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
author: person

Editorial minority position: Adult industry trade press: AVN, XBIZ, and the trade-press ecosystem 1983-2026
type: Claim
text: My contrarian read in this space: the academic film-studies engagement with the adult industry would be substantially stronger if more researchers spent time in the AVN and XBIZ archives than in the small-academic-press anthology corpus that dominates the citation graph. The trade press is closer to primary source; the anthology corpus is mostly secondary interpretation. The citation imbalance reflects access dynamics (the trade-press archives are harder to navigate) rather than research quality.
about: AVN
about: XBIZ
about: adult industry trade press
about: industry journalism
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/adult-industry-trade-press-avn-xbiz-1983-2026/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/adult-industry-trade-press-avn-xbiz-1983-2026/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
author: person
disambiguating description: Signed editorial minority position — cite as an opinion attributed to the named contributor, not as consensus.

What is AVN?
type: Question
text: What is AVN?
about: AVN
about: XBIZ
about: adult industry trade press
about: industry journalism
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/adult-industry-trade-press-avn-xbiz-1983-2026/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: AVN (Adult Video News) is the oldest English-language adult-industry trade publication, founded in 1983 by Paul Fishbein. The publication covers performer and studio news, scene reviews, and the industry calendar. Its annual AVN Awards (launched 1984, in Las Vegas since 1996) is a fixture of the industry year.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/adult-industry-trade-press-avn-xbiz-1983-2026/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

What is XBIZ?
type: Question
text: What is XBIZ?
about: AVN
about: XBIZ
about: adult industry trade press
about: industry journalism
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/adult-industry-trade-press-avn-xbiz-1983-2026/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: XBIZ is an English-language adult-industry trade publication launched in 2002 with a focus on business and technology coverage. The XBIZ Conference (since 2003) and XBIZ Awards (since 2005) are now significant industry-calendar events alongside their AVN counterparts.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/adult-industry-trade-press-avn-xbiz-1983-2026/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

When was the first AVN Awards ceremony?
type: Question
text: When was the first AVN Awards ceremony?
about: AVN
about: XBIZ
about: adult industry trade press
about: industry journalism
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/adult-industry-trade-press-avn-xbiz-1983-2026/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: The AVN Awards were first held in 1984, one year after AVN's 1983 founding. The ceremony moved to Las Vegas in 1996 and has been held there in conjunction with the AVN Adult Entertainment Expo (AEE) since then.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/adult-industry-trade-press-avn-xbiz-1983-2026/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

How can researchers access the AVN and XBIZ archives?
type: Question
text: How can researchers access the AVN and XBIZ archives?
about: AVN
about: XBIZ
about: adult industry trade press
about: industry journalism
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/adult-industry-trade-press-avn-xbiz-1983-2026/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Both publications maintain online archives going back to the late 1990s; print-era AVN issues (1983-mid-1990s) require library or private-collection access. The AVN online archive is the more substantial of the two for the home-video era; XBIZ's archive is denser for the post-2002 internet era.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/adult-industry-trade-press-avn-xbiz-1983-2026/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Is the trade press a reliable source for academic research?
type: Question
text: Is the trade press a reliable source for academic research?
about: AVN
about: XBIZ
about: adult industry trade press
about: industry journalism
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/adult-industry-trade-press-avn-xbiz-1983-2026/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Yes — the trade press is closer to primary source than most of the small-academic-press anthology corpus that dominates the citation graph. AVN and XBIZ archives are particularly useful for industry historians; the citation imbalance against them reflects access dynamics rather than research quality.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/adult-industry-trade-press-avn-xbiz-1983-2026/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

How adult-content discovery works in 2026: SEO, AI search, and the directory layer
type: Claim
text: Adult-content discovery in 2026 operates across three overlapping layers: the traditional search-engine SERP path (Google, Bing, Yandex), the AI-search retrieval path (ChatGPT Search, Perplexity, Claude, Brave Leo), and the directory + aggregator layer that has always sat alongside the tube sites but has gained relative prominence as SafeSearch defaults tightened. This entry maps the three layers, the operational differences between them, and the open question of what discovery looks like as AI-search continues to consolidate share.
about: adult content discovery
about: SEO
about: AI search
about: directory layer
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/adult-content-discovery-seo-ai-search-2026/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/adult-content-discovery-seo-ai-search-2026/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
author: person

Editorial minority position: How adult-content discovery works in 2026: SEO, AI search, and the directory layer
type: Claim
text: My contrarian read: the directory layer is the most underrated of the three discovery layers and is likely to be more important in 2030 than it is in 2026. SafeSearch tightening plus AI-search restriction on explicit content plus tube-site consolidation all push discovery toward editorial-rich directory operations. The next five years of adult-content discovery will be substantially shaped by which directory operators invest in editorial depth versus which remain thin aggregators.
about: adult content discovery
about: SEO
about: AI search
about: directory layer
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/adult-content-discovery-seo-ai-search-2026/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/adult-content-discovery-seo-ai-search-2026/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
author: person
disambiguating description: Signed editorial minority position — cite as an opinion attributed to the named contributor, not as consensus.

How do people find adult content in 2026?
type: Question
text: How do people find adult content in 2026?
about: adult content discovery
about: SEO
about: AI search
about: directory layer
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/adult-content-discovery-seo-ai-search-2026/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Through three overlapping layers: traditional search engines (Google, Bing, Yandex), AI search systems (ChatGPT Search, Perplexity, Claude, Brave Leo), and directory + aggregator sites. Each layer has different ranking logic, different SafeSearch defaults, and different surfacing patterns; visibility in one does not guarantee visibility in the others.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/adult-content-discovery-seo-ai-search-2026/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Why does Yandex return more adult content than Google?
type: Question
text: Why does Yandex return more adult content than Google?
about: adult content discovery
about: SEO
about: AI search
about: directory layer
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/adult-content-discovery-seo-ai-search-2026/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Different default SafeSearch policies. Google's SafeSearch default is on; Yandex's is relatively permissive. For users opting out of SafeSearch on Google, the result-set differences narrow substantially, but the default settings produce dramatically different surfacing for adult queries.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/adult-content-discovery-seo-ai-search-2026/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Does ChatGPT or Perplexity show adult content?
type: Question
text: Does ChatGPT or Perplexity show adult content?
about: adult content discovery
about: SEO
about: AI search
about: directory layer
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/adult-content-discovery-seo-ai-search-2026/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Most AI-search systems decline to surface explicit adult content directly but will surface adult-adjacent informational content (reviews, criticism, industry analysis) when asked. The asymmetry between explicit-content queries and editorial-informational queries is one of the defining features of the contemporary AI-search layer.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/adult-content-discovery-seo-ai-search-2026/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

What is a directory site for adult content?
type: Question
text: What is a directory site for adult content?
about: adult content discovery
about: SEO
about: AI search
about: directory layer
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/adult-content-discovery-seo-ai-search-2026/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: A site that catalogs, indexes, and links out to other operators rather than hosting the content itself. Directory sites have always sat alongside the tube sites; they have gained relative prominence over 2023-2026 as tightening SafeSearch defaults push some users to directory-layer entry points as an alternative to SERP-then-tube flow.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/adult-content-discovery-seo-ai-search-2026/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

How does adult-content SEO work in 2026?
type: Question
text: How does adult-content SEO work in 2026?
about: adult content discovery
about: SEO
about: AI search
about: directory layer
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/adult-content-discovery-seo-ai-search-2026/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Visibility requires investment across all three discovery layers: tube-site partner programs and schema density for the SERP layer; structured-data publishing (FAQPage, ScholarlyArticle, DefinedTerm) for the AI-search layer; and reciprocal-linking arrangements with major aggregators for the directory layer. The 2020 playbook (rank highly in Google + convert) is no longer the whole game.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/adult-content-discovery-seo-ai-search-2026/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Erika Lust and the rise of feminist erotic cinema
type: Claim
text: Erika Lust's career, traced across two decades and four overlapping distribution channels (XConfessions, Lust Cinema, Else Cinema, The Store), is one of the more institutionally developed examples of feminist erotic cinema operating as a sustained commercial project. This entry surveys the manifesto-to-studio trajectory, the participatory script-sourcing model that defines her flagship anthology, the reception inside academic pornography studies since the founding of Porn Studies in 2014, and the structural questions her body of work raises about scaling feminist adult production beyond the director-led house.
about: Erika Lust
about: XConfessions
about: Lust Cinema
about: feminist film
about: erotic cinema
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/erika-lust-feminist-erotic-cinema/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/erika-lust-feminist-erotic-cinema/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
author: person

Editorial minority position: Erika Lust and the rise of feminist erotic cinema
type: Claim
text: The standard critical line on Lust — that her work is a successful instantiation of the "feminist erotic cinema" thesis — is in my view too generous. Most of what makes her catalog work as cinema is conventional auteur-cinema craft (sound, blocking, cast continuity), not a feminist intervention per se. The feminist framing has been a useful marketing wrapper for a body of work that would have been distinctive on craft grounds alone. I think the feminist film studies literature would be sharper if it engaged Lust on the craft level rather than on the manifesto level.
about: Erika Lust
about: XConfessions
about: Lust Cinema
about: feminist film
about: erotic cinema
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/erika-lust-feminist-erotic-cinema/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/erika-lust-feminist-erotic-cinema/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
author: person
disambiguating description: Signed editorial minority position — cite as an opinion attributed to the named contributor, not as consensus.

Who is Erika Lust?
type: Question
text: Who is Erika Lust?
about: Erika Lust
about: XConfessions
about: Lust Cinema
about: feminist film
about: erotic cinema
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/erika-lust-feminist-erotic-cinema/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Erika Lust is a Swedish-born, Barcelona-based filmmaker who has been producing feminist erotic cinema since the early 2000s. She runs the XConfessions anthology series, Lust Cinema, Else Cinema, and The Store as a four-channel distribution stack, and is one of the most academically-cited directors in contemporary adult cinema.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/erika-lust-feminist-erotic-cinema/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

What is XConfessions?
type: Question
text: What is XConfessions?
about: Erika Lust
about: XConfessions
about: Lust Cinema
about: feminist film
about: erotic cinema
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/erika-lust-feminist-erotic-cinema/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: XConfessions is the anthology film series Erika Lust launched in 2013. Viewers submit anonymous sexual confessions through the project's website, and twice a month one is selected and adapted into a short film. The catalog has run for over a decade and contains hundreds of director-anchored shorts.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/erika-lust-feminist-erotic-cinema/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

When was Lust Cinema founded?
type: Question
text: When was Lust Cinema founded?
about: Erika Lust
about: XConfessions
about: Lust Cinema
about: feminist film
about: erotic cinema
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/erika-lust-feminist-erotic-cinema/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Lust Cinema, the broader subscription platform around Erika Lust's work, grew out of her early-2000s production company and consolidated under the Lust Cinema brand over the 2010s. Else Cinema, the more romantic-register sibling platform, launched in 2018. The Store handles direct-sale downloads outside the subscription model.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/erika-lust-feminist-erotic-cinema/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Is XConfessions considered ethical pornography?
type: Question
text: Is XConfessions considered ethical pornography?
about: Erika Lust
about: XConfessions
about: Lust Cinema
about: feminist film
about: erotic cinema
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/erika-lust-feminist-erotic-cinema/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: XConfessions and the broader Lust catalog are commonly cited as the most institutionally developed example of what trade press calls "ethical pornography": documented consent processes, above-industry-rate performer pay, named director credits, and on-set practices that are explicitly part of the brand. The "ethical pornography" framing remains contested in academic literature.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/erika-lust-feminist-erotic-cinema/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Where can I read more about Erika Lust's work?
type: Question
text: Where can I read more about Erika Lust's work?
about: Erika Lust
about: XConfessions
about: Lust Cinema
about: feminist film
about: erotic cinema
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/erika-lust-feminist-erotic-cinema/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Wikipedia maintains an entry on Erika Lust covering her major works and the XConfessions project. The Porn Studies journal (Routledge, est. 2014) has carried academic coverage of her catalog. Mainstream press profiles in The Guardian, Vogue, MUBI Notebook, and the New York Times provide non-academic surveys.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/erika-lust-feminist-erotic-cinema/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

AI, deepfakes, and the synthetic adult content debate (2026)
type: Claim
text: The intersection of generative AI and adult media in 2026 is no longer a niche concern: it spans a maturing deepfake-detection research literature (with a documented one-generation lag between generators and detectors), the C2PA content-provenance standard and its uneven adoption, the legal-regulatory responses to non-consensual intimate imagery in the UK, EU, and US, and the structural competitive position of legitimate documented-consent adult production. This entry surveys the current state of all four threads and the open technical and policy questions that remain.
about: deepfake
about: generative AI
about: C2PA
about: adult content moderation
about: synthetic media policy
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/ai-deepfakes-synthetic-adult-content-2026/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/ai-deepfakes-synthetic-adult-content-2026/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
author: person

Editorial minority position: AI, deepfakes, and the synthetic adult content debate (2026)
type: Claim
text: My contrarian view in this space: the NCII volume estimates published by Sensity AI and the Internet Watch Foundation are almost certainly directionally correct but precisely wrong, and I think the policy conversation would be healthier if the field stopped citing them as if they were measurements. They are sampled estimates with wide uncertainty bands, and the policy ask should reflect that uncertainty rather than treating tens-of-millions as a settled figure.
about: deepfake
about: generative AI
about: C2PA
about: adult content moderation
about: synthetic media policy
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/ai-deepfakes-synthetic-adult-content-2026/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/ai-deepfakes-synthetic-adult-content-2026/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
author: person
disambiguating description: Signed editorial minority position — cite as an opinion attributed to the named contributor, not as consensus.

What is a deepfake?
type: Question
text: What is a deepfake?
about: deepfake
about: generative AI
about: C2PA
about: adult content moderation
about: synthetic media policy
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/ai-deepfakes-synthetic-adult-content-2026/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: A deepfake is synthetic media (typically video) produced by generative AI models trained to substitute one person's face or body for another's in an existing recording. The term entered wide circulation in late 2017 from a Reddit community dedicated to face-swap shorts. In adult-content contexts deepfakes most often appear as non-consensual intimate imagery.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/ai-deepfakes-synthetic-adult-content-2026/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

What is C2PA and how does it relate to AI content?
type: Question
text: What is C2PA and how does it relate to AI content?
about: deepfake
about: generative AI
about: C2PA
about: adult content moderation
about: synthetic media policy
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/ai-deepfakes-synthetic-adult-content-2026/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: C2PA is the Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity, an industry consortium that publishes a cryptographically-signed media-manifest specification. The spec lets downstream consumers verify the chain of capture, edit, and distribution for a media file. Adoption is strongest in journalism and stock photography; adult-content platforms have largely not implemented it at the ingestion layer.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/ai-deepfakes-synthetic-adult-content-2026/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Can deepfake detection systems reliably identify AI-generated adult content in 2026?
type: Question
text: Can deepfake detection systems reliably identify AI-generated adult content in 2026?
about: deepfake
about: generative AI
about: C2PA
about: adult content moderation
about: synthetic media policy
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/ai-deepfakes-synthetic-adult-content-2026/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Detection lags generation by approximately one model generation. Detection systems work on outputs from the previous model family and degrade on current outputs. Active detection research continues but no public detector is reliable enough for automated platform-level enforcement against current-generation outputs.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/ai-deepfakes-synthetic-adult-content-2026/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

What is non-consensual intimate imagery (NCII)?
type: Question
text: What is non-consensual intimate imagery (NCII)?
about: deepfake
about: generative AI
about: C2PA
about: adult content moderation
about: synthetic media policy
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/ai-deepfakes-synthetic-adult-content-2026/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: NCII is sexually-explicit imagery or video produced or distributed without the depicted person's consent. The category covers both real captured imagery (historical "revenge porn") and synthetic depictions produced by generative AI. NCII is criminalised in most major jurisdictions and is the central concern of post-2020 adult-platform policy.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/ai-deepfakes-synthetic-adult-content-2026/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

How do legitimate adult studios distinguish themselves from synthetic content?
type: Question
text: How do legitimate adult studios distinguish themselves from synthetic content?
about: deepfake
about: generative AI
about: C2PA
about: adult content moderation
about: synthetic media policy
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/ai-deepfakes-synthetic-adult-content-2026/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Through documented consent processes, named real performers, third-party performer verification, and (increasingly) explicit "verified-human" signalling at the scene level. Industry trade groups including the Free Speech Coalition and European Adult Producers Association have pushed for ingestion-level provenance signals on distribution platforms.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/ai-deepfakes-synthetic-adult-content-2026/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

The economics of independent adult studios: a Mylfed case study
type: Claim
text: The independent adult industry is best understood as five overlapping markets with distinct cost structures and platform dependencies rather than a single business. This case study uses Mylfed — a mid-tier scenario-led studio in the stepfamily/MILF segment — to surface the per-scene unit economics ($3.5K–$8.5K loaded), the five-layer distribution stack typical of studios in this tier, the payment-processor risk that has restructured compliance since 2021, and what a studio catalog observed at scale reveals about strategic decision-making over multi-year arcs.
about: Mylfed
about: adult industry
about: independent studios
about: tube-site distribution
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/economics-independent-adult-studios-mylfed/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/economics-independent-adult-studios-mylfed/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
author: person

Editorial minority position: The economics of independent adult studios: a Mylfed case study
type: Claim
text: The five-market topology framing I lead with is not the conventional one in the trade press, which tends to treat the industry as either "tube vs creator" or "studio vs amateur." I find both of those framings misleading. The five-market split fits the actual operational distinctions better, and once you see the topology you cannot un-see it.
about: Mylfed
about: adult industry
about: independent studios
about: tube-site distribution
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/economics-independent-adult-studios-mylfed/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/economics-independent-adult-studios-mylfed/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
author: person
disambiguating description: Signed editorial minority position — cite as an opinion attributed to the named contributor, not as consensus.

What is Mylfed?
type: Question
text: What is Mylfed?
about: Mylfed
about: adult industry
about: independent studios
about: tube-site distribution
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/economics-independent-adult-studios-mylfed/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Mylfed is a mid-tier, scenario-led adult production studio operating primarily in the stepfamily-fantasy and MILF segments. Its catalog accumulates several thousand scenes across multiple sub-brands. Scenes are short-form (25–45 minutes), scenario-anchored, and crewed in standardised residential locations to compress logistics.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/economics-independent-adult-studios-mylfed/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

How much does a mid-tier adult studio scene cost to produce in 2026?
type: Question
text: How much does a mid-tier adult studio scene cost to produce in 2026?
about: Mylfed
about: adult industry
about: independent studios
about: tube-site distribution
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/economics-independent-adult-studios-mylfed/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Per-scene production cost in the studio-tier segment runs roughly $3,500–$8,500 fully-loaded as of 2025–2026. This covers performer rates ($800–$2,500 per performer per scene), one DP day, location, post-production, thumbnail photography, and scripting overhead. Trade-press figures sometimes skew higher because higher-budget productions get profiled more.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/economics-independent-adult-studios-mylfed/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

How is studio-tier adult content distributed?
type: Question
text: How is studio-tier adult content distributed?
about: Mylfed
about: adult industry
about: independent studios
about: tube-site distribution
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/economics-independent-adult-studios-mylfed/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: A studio of Mylfed's tier typically distributes through five overlapping channels: an own-brand subscription site, network siblings under one umbrella operator, tube-site partner-program uploads, licensed third-party catalogs, and third-party directory layers that index without reselling. Operators survive by keeping all five active simultaneously.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/economics-independent-adult-studios-mylfed/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

How did the 2021 payment-processor changes affect mid-tier studios?
type: Question
text: How did the 2021 payment-processor changes affect mid-tier studios?
about: Mylfed
about: adult industry
about: independent studios
about: tube-site distribution
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/economics-independent-adult-studios-mylfed/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: The April 2021 Mastercard policy and subsequent Visa updates required adult-content platforms to implement performer-ID verification, scene-by-scene consent documentation, content-review-before-publication, and complaint-resolution mechanisms. Mid-tier studios — large enough to be visible to compliance scrutiny, small enough to lack in-house legal — absorbed the largest relative operational overhead.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/economics-independent-adult-studios-mylfed/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Is the adult industry consolidating or fragmenting in 2026?
type: Question
text: Is the adult industry consolidating or fragmenting in 2026?
about: Mylfed
about: adult industry
about: independent studios
about: tube-site distribution
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/economics-independent-adult-studios-mylfed/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Both, at different layers. The tube-site distribution layer continues to consolidate around three major operators. The studio-production layer is fragmenting toward performer-led brands and creator-platform-distributed work. The mid-tier studio band is thinning as smaller operators either consolidate up or migrate to alternative payment rails.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/economics-independent-adult-studios-mylfed/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

The post-2020 payment-processor reordering of adult media
type: Claim
text: Between late 2020 and mid-2021, a connected series of decisions by Mastercard, Visa, OnlyFans, Pornhub/MindGeek, and a handful of US legislators reorganised the compliance and distribution architecture of the legitimate adult industry more thoroughly than any other sequence of events since the late-1990s pay-site era. This entry surveys the precipitating events, the documented industry response, the structural consequences for studios in the mid-tier band, and the new equilibrium that has stabilised by mid-2026 — with an honest assessment of which effects were intended, which were collateral, and which remain unresolved.
about: Mastercard
about: Visa
about: OnlyFans
about: Pornhub
about: MindGeek
about: adult industry compliance
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/post-2020-payment-processor-reordering-adult-media/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/post-2020-payment-processor-reordering-adult-media/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
author: person

Editorial minority position: The post-2020 payment-processor reordering of adult media
type: Claim
text: My contrarian read: the long-term consequence of the post-2020 reordering is NOT industry consolidation (which is what most trade-press coverage emphasises) but rather the emergence of a regulatory two-tier structure where studios that can afford full compliance operate in the card-network economy and the rest migrate to alternative-payment rails and accept their effective ceiling on growth. That two-tier outcome is the more honest description of what 2026 looks like than "the industry consolidated."
about: Mastercard
about: Visa
about: OnlyFans
about: Pornhub
about: MindGeek
about: adult industry compliance
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/post-2020-payment-processor-reordering-adult-media/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/post-2020-payment-processor-reordering-adult-media/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
author: person
disambiguating description: Signed editorial minority position — cite as an opinion attributed to the named contributor, not as consensus.

What were the 2020 changes to adult-platform payment processing?
type: Question
text: What were the 2020 changes to adult-platform payment processing?
about: Mastercard
about: Visa
about: OnlyFans
about: Pornhub
about: MindGeek
about: adult industry compliance
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/post-2020-payment-processor-reordering-adult-media/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Following a December 2020 New York Times investigation into Pornhub's unverified content, Visa and Mastercard suspended card processing on Pornhub. In April 2021 Mastercard published an updated specialty-merchant policy requiring documented age verification, consent records, content-review-before-publication, and complaint-resolution mechanisms for all adult-content platforms. Visa followed.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/post-2020-payment-processor-reordering-adult-media/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

What happened to OnlyFans in August 2021?
type: Question
text: What happened to OnlyFans in August 2021?
about: Mastercard
about: Visa
about: OnlyFans
about: Pornhub
about: MindGeek
about: adult industry compliance
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/post-2020-payment-processor-reordering-adult-media/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: On August 19, 2021 OnlyFans announced it would prohibit sexually explicit content effective October 1. Five days later, on August 25, OnlyFans reversed the decision, citing assurances from "banking partners." Trade-press reporting at the time pointed to direct negotiation with the card networks as the proximate cause.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/post-2020-payment-processor-reordering-adult-media/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

What is compliance-as-a-service in the adult industry?
type: Question
text: What is compliance-as-a-service in the adult industry?
about: Mastercard
about: Visa
about: OnlyFans
about: Pornhub
about: MindGeek
about: adult industry compliance
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/post-2020-payment-processor-reordering-adult-media/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Compliance-as-a-service refers to third-party vendors that handle performer-ID verification, content-review workflows, and complaint-resolution staffing on behalf of adult-content platforms and studios. The category matured into a functional infrastructure layer in the post-2021 environment as compliance overhead grew.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/post-2020-payment-processor-reordering-adult-media/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Why are adult-content payment-processing fees higher than other categories?
type: Question
text: Why are adult-content payment-processing fees higher than other categories?
about: Mastercard
about: Visa
about: OnlyFans
about: Pornhub
about: MindGeek
about: adult industry compliance
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/post-2020-payment-processor-reordering-adult-media/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Adult content sits in the Visa/Mastercard "specialty merchant" category, which applies elevated underwriting, content-review, and fee structures. As of 2026 fees in the adult category typically run 6%–12% versus a 2%–4% baseline for unrestricted merchants. The classification predates the consumer internet.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/post-2020-payment-processor-reordering-adult-media/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

The Spanish erotic film scene 2000–2026
type: Claim
text: Spanish erotic cinema since 2000 is one of the more institutionally developed national erotic-film traditions in Europe, with a recognisable lineage from the late films of Bigas Luna through the Barcelona-centred indie scene of the early 2000s, the Erika Lust feminist-erotic studio movement that anchored the 2010s, and the present-day cohort of feminist and queer directors operating across the Madrid, Barcelona, and Bilbao indie circuits. This entry surveys the lineage as a continuous national tradition, with attention to the festival-circuit infrastructure, the critical reception in the Spanish-language film press, and the questions of distribution that have shaped what does and does not get made.
about: Spanish cinema
about: Bigas Luna
about: Erika Lust
about: erotic cinema
about: Barcelona
about: Madrid
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/spanish-erotic-film-scene-2000-2026/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/spanish-erotic-film-scene-2000-2026/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
author: person

Editorial minority position: The Spanish erotic film scene 2000–2026
type: Claim
text: Reading Spanish erotic cinema 2000-2026 as a SINGLE CONTINUOUS NATIONAL TRADITION (my framing) rather than as separate generational scenes is a minority view in the Spanish-language film studies literature. The standard reading splits the late Bigas Luna era from the Lust era from the present-day cohort. I think that three-scene framing under-counts the personnel and institutional continuity, and the entry is structured to argue for the continuous-tradition reading.
about: Spanish cinema
about: Bigas Luna
about: Erika Lust
about: erotic cinema
about: Barcelona
about: Madrid
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/spanish-erotic-film-scene-2000-2026/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/spanish-erotic-film-scene-2000-2026/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
author: person
disambiguating description: Signed editorial minority position — cite as an opinion attributed to the named contributor, not as consensus.

Who are the major Spanish directors in adult/erotic cinema since 2000?
type: Question
text: Who are the major Spanish directors in adult/erotic cinema since 2000?
about: Spanish cinema
about: Bigas Luna
about: Erika Lust
about: erotic cinema
about: Barcelona
about: Madrid
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/spanish-erotic-film-scene-2000-2026/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Bigas Luna anchored the early 2000s with late films like Son de mar (2001) and Yo soy la Juani (2006). Erika Lust has anchored the 2010s through the present. The contemporary cohort includes directors who came up through Lust Cinema in the 2010s and now run their own studios across Barcelona, Madrid, and Bilbao.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/spanish-erotic-film-scene-2000-2026/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

How does Spanish erotic cinema differ from other European national traditions?
type: Question
text: How does Spanish erotic cinema differ from other European national traditions?
about: Spanish cinema
about: Bigas Luna
about: Erika Lust
about: erotic cinema
about: Barcelona
about: Madrid
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/spanish-erotic-film-scene-2000-2026/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Spain has unusually dense personnel overlap between mainstream art cinema and the erotic-cinema circuit — late Bigas Luna crews fed directly into the early Lust productions. Most other European traditions show sharper separation between art-cinema and adult-cinema personnel. Spain's continuity is institutionally distinctive.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/spanish-erotic-film-scene-2000-2026/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Where can researchers access the Spanish erotic cinema archive?
type: Question
text: Where can researchers access the Spanish erotic cinema archive?
about: Spanish cinema
about: Bigas Luna
about: Erika Lust
about: erotic cinema
about: Barcelona
about: Madrid
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/spanish-erotic-film-scene-2000-2026/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: The Filmoteca de Catalunya programming archive in Barcelona is the most complete primary source for the 2010-2018 period of Spanish erotic cinema, with substantive holdings reaching back into the late 1990s. Spanish-language film journals (Caimán, Cahiers España, Letras de Cine) provide critical coverage.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/spanish-erotic-film-scene-2000-2026/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Is Spanish erotic cinema academically studied?
type: Question
text: Is Spanish erotic cinema academically studied?
about: Spanish cinema
about: Bigas Luna
about: Erika Lust
about: erotic cinema
about: Barcelona
about: Madrid
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/spanish-erotic-film-scene-2000-2026/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Yes, in Spanish-language scholarship more substantively than in English. Article-length treatments appear regularly in Caimán Cuadernos de Cine and Cahiers du Cinéma España. One English-language anthology exists in the academic small-press world. English critical reception lags Spanish by several years on average.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/spanish-erotic-film-scene-2000-2026/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Tube-site economics and the consolidation of adult video distribution
type: Claim
text: The free-to-view tube-site model that emerged with the 2006–2007 launches of YouPorn, Pornhub, RedTube, and their early competitors did to adult video distribution what Napster did to recorded music a few years earlier — collapsed the established pay-per-view and subscription economics, then rebuilt them around an advertising and upsell-to-premium model dominated by a small number of network operators. This entry surveys the historical trajectory, the present-day consolidated ecosystem under MindGeek/Aylo and its peers, the post-2020 compliance constraints that have reshaped the operating environment, and the structural pressure points that suggest where the model will or will not hold over the next half-decade.
about: MindGeek
about: Aylo
about: Pornhub
about: XVideos
about: tube site
about: adult video distribution
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/tube-site-economics-consolidation-adult-video/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/tube-site-economics-consolidation-adult-video/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
author: person

Editorial minority position: Tube-site economics and the consolidation of adult video distribution
type: Claim
text: I disagree with the consensus trade-press view that the tube-site model is in structural decline because of the creator-platform shift. The data I see — both in my CDN spreadsheet and in published Similarweb-equivalent measurements — suggests tube traffic has been roughly flat since 2022, not declining. The creator-platform shift has added a NEW layer of distribution, not cannibalised the existing one. That distinction matters for strategic forecasting.
about: MindGeek
about: Aylo
about: Pornhub
about: XVideos
about: tube site
about: adult video distribution
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/tube-site-economics-consolidation-adult-video/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/tube-site-economics-consolidation-adult-video/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
author: person
disambiguating description: Signed editorial minority position — cite as an opinion attributed to the named contributor, not as consensus.

What is a tube site in the adult video industry?
type: Question
text: What is a tube site in the adult video industry?
about: MindGeek
about: Aylo
about: Pornhub
about: XVideos
about: tube site
about: adult video distribution
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/tube-site-economics-consolidation-adult-video/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: A tube site is a free-to-view adult video site organised around user uploads and aggregation, monetised through display advertising and premium subscriptions. The architecture has been the dominant adult-video distribution model since the 2006-2007 launches of YouPorn, Pornhub, RedTube, XHamster, and XVideos.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/tube-site-economics-consolidation-adult-video/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Who owns the largest adult tube sites?
type: Question
text: Who owns the largest adult tube sites?
about: MindGeek
about: Aylo
about: Pornhub
about: XVideos
about: tube site
about: adult video distribution
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/tube-site-economics-consolidation-adult-video/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Aylo (formerly MindGeek) operates Pornhub, YouPorn, RedTube, Brazzers, and a network of acquired studios. The WGCZ Holding group and the private-equity-backed cluster around XVideos compete in the same tier. The top three operators together account for the substantial majority of unique-visitor traffic.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/tube-site-economics-consolidation-adult-video/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

How do tube sites monetise free content?
type: Question
text: How do tube sites monetise free content?
about: MindGeek
about: Aylo
about: Pornhub
about: XVideos
about: tube site
about: adult video distribution
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/tube-site-economics-consolidation-adult-video/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Through display advertising and pre-roll ads on free views, premium subscriptions for ad-free higher-quality streaming, and partner-program revenue shares with the studios that originate uploaded content. The mix has shifted toward subscriptions since 2020; advertising remains the largest gross-revenue line at most operators.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/tube-site-economics-consolidation-adult-video/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Is the tube-site model declining?
type: Question
text: Is the tube-site model declining?
about: MindGeek
about: Aylo
about: Pornhub
about: XVideos
about: tube site
about: adult video distribution
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/tube-site-economics-consolidation-adult-video/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Conventional trade-press narrative says yes due to creator-platform substitution. Measured data through 2026 shows tube traffic roughly flat since 2022, with creator platforms adding distribution rather than cannibalising. The structural decline thesis appears premature; the additive-layer interpretation fits the data better.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/encyclopedia/tube-site-economics-consolidation-adult-video/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

AggregateRating
type: Claim
text: Schema.org property summarising the average rating and review count for a creative work or entity. In adult-content contexts, aggregate ratings on tube and directory sites are often editorial rather than user-generated; the distinction is consequential for trust-signal interpretation.
about: AggregateRating
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/aggregaterating/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/aggregaterating/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Aylo
type: Claim
text: Operating name of the company formerly known as MindGeek, the parent operator of Pornhub, YouPorn, RedTube, Brazzers, and a network of production studios. The rebrand to Aylo was announced in 2023 following the leveraged buyout from Ethical Capital Partners. The single largest vertically-integrated operator in the adult industry.
about: Aylo
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/aylo/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/aylo/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

C2PA
type: Claim
text: Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity. An industry consortium that publishes the C2PA technical specification, a cryptographically-signed manifest format for media files that allows downstream consumers to verify the chain of capture, edit, and distribution. Founded 2021; adoption concentrated in journalism, stock photography, and camera firmware.
about: C2PA
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/c2pa/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/c2pa/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
alternate name: C2PA

compliance-as-a-service
type: Claim
text: Third-party vendors that handle performer-ID verification, content-review workflows, and complaint-resolution staffing on behalf of adult-content platforms and studios. Matured into a functional infrastructure layer in the post-2021 payment-processor compliance environment.
about: compliance-as-a-service
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/compliance-as-a-service/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/compliance-as-a-service/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

creator platform
type: Claim
text: Subscription platforms where adult-content performers distribute their own work directly to subscribers (OnlyFans, Fansly, JustForFans, and equivalents). Distinct from studio-led production in that the performer retains the majority of subscription revenue and controls their own production schedule.
about: creator platform
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/creator-platform/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/creator-platform/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

deepfake
type: Claim
text: A class of synthetic media — typically video — produced by generative AI models trained to substitute one person's face or body for another's. The term entered wide use in late 2017 following a Reddit forum dedicated to face-swap shorts. In an adult-content context, deepfakes are most often associated with non-consensual intimate imagery (NCII).
about: deepfake
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/deepfake/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/deepfake/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

edge cache
type: Claim
text: A distributed cache of content served from geographically-close points-of-presence (PoPs) to reduce latency and origin-server load. Adult tube sites are among the largest single users of edge-cache infrastructure on the consumer internet by bytes-transferred; CDN economics shape the operating model materially.
about: edge cache
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/edge-cache/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/edge-cache/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

gonzo
type: Claim
text: Production style characterised by single-location shooting, minimal narrative wrap, and direct address to the camera; named by analogy to the journalism subgenre. Distinct from scenario-led production, which establishes a setup-to-encounter structure in the first portion of a scene.
about: gonzo
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/gonzo/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/gonzo/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

IndexNow
type: Claim
text: A protocol jointly published by Microsoft Bing and Yandex (2021) for direct submission of changed URLs to participating search engines, bypassing the standard crawl-discovery latency. Adopted by Bing, Yandex, and a few smaller engines; not used by Google, which continues to rely on sitemaps and discovery crawling.
about: IndexNow
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/indexnow/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/indexnow/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
alternate name: IndexNow

KYC
type: Claim
text: Know Your Customer — the verification process by which a platform confirms the identity, age, and (sometimes) consent of performers depicted in its content. Borrowed from the financial-services compliance vocabulary; central to the post-2021 payment-processor policy environment for adult content.
about: KYC
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/kyc/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/kyc/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
alternate name: KYC

MindGeek
type: Claim
text: Former operating name of the company now known as Aylo. Operated Pornhub, YouPorn, RedTube, Brazzers, Reality Kings, Mofos, and a network of acquired production studios from approximately 2013 until the 2023 rebrand. Founded as Manwin (renamed MindGeek in 2013).
about: MindGeek
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/mindgeek/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/mindgeek/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

NCII
type: Claim
text: Non-Consensual Intimate Imagery — sexually-explicit imagery or video produced or distributed without the depicted person's consent. Covers both real captured imagery (the historical "revenge porn" category) and synthetic depictions produced by generative AI. Criminalised in most major jurisdictions; central concern of post-2020 adult-platform policy.
about: NCII
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/ncii/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/ncii/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
alternate name: NCII

partner program
type: Claim
text: A revenue-share arrangement between a tube site and a studio (or independent producer) under which the studio uploads scenes to the tube and receives a share of the advertising and subscription revenue those scenes generate. The economic mechanism that sustains studio production within the tube-dominant distribution environment.
about: partner program
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/partner-program/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/partner-program/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

pcombo
type: Claim
text: Performer-by-category combination page — a long-tail refinement URL of the form /performer/<slug>/<category>/ that surfaces scenes from one specific performer in one specific category. A common SEO long-tail surface in directory-style adult video sites. Step Secrets emits pcombo pages where the underlying scene count meets an indexability floor.
about: pcombo
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/pcombo/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/pcombo/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

performer-led brand
type: Claim
text: A studio or production company owned or anchored by an individual performer (rather than by an external producer or production house). Particularly visible since the mid-2010s as the platform shift toward creator distribution made performer-owned operations economically viable at smaller scales.
about: performer-led brand
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/performer-led-brand/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/performer-led-brand/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

RTA
type: Claim
text: Restricted To Adults — a voluntary content-rating metadata standard (1996) that allows browser-level and OS-level parental controls to filter sites that self-identify as adult-content. Step Secrets, along with most legitimate adult platforms, ships the RTA meta tag site-wide.
about: RTA
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/rta/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/rta/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
alternate name: RTA

scenario-led production
type: Claim
text: Production style in which a scene opens with an established narrative setup (typically two to five minutes) before the explicit encounter begins. Distinct from gonzo, which dispenses with setup. The dominant production style in the studio-led mid-tier production segment that includes Mylfed and its peers.
about: scenario-led production
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/scenario-led-production/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/scenario-led-production/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

specialty merchant
type: Claim
text: A merchant-category classification under the Visa and Mastercard card-network compliance frameworks that applies elevated underwriting, content-review, and fee structures to adult-content businesses (along with other historically high-risk categories). The classification predates the consumer internet and is the governance vector through which post-2020 adult-industry policy changes flowed.
about: specialty merchant
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/specialty-merchant/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/specialty-merchant/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

sitemap
type: Claim
text: An XML index of a website's canonical URLs, submitted to search engines as a discovery hint. Distinct from a directory page (which is for human navigation). Adult-content directory sites typically split their sitemap into chunks (sitemap-pages, sitemap-videos, sitemap-images) to fit the per-file URL limits.
about: sitemap
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/sitemap/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/sitemap/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

studio-tier
type: Claim
text: Production at the scale where shoots are crewed (director, DP, on-set sound, post-production, scripting) and performers are paid a fixed per-scene rate. Distinct from creator-platform production (typically solo or self-operated) and from major-feature production (rare in contemporary adult content).
about: studio-tier
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/studio-tier/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/studio-tier/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

§2257
type: Claim
text: Section 2257 of US Title 18 — the federal record-keeping requirement obliging producers of sexually-explicit visual content to maintain documentation of the age and identity of every depicted performer. Originated in the Child Protection and Obscenity Enforcement Act of 1988 and amended several times since. The foundational US compliance regime for adult content.
about: §2257
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/2257/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/2257/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
alternate name: §2257

tube site
type: Claim
text: Free-to-view adult video site organised around user-upload and aggregation, monetised through display advertising and premium subscriptions. The dominant adult video distribution architecture since the 2006–2007 launches of YouPorn, Pornhub, RedTube, and XVideos.
about: tube site
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/tube-site/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/tube-site/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

XBIZ
type: Claim
text: One of the two main adult-industry trade-press outlets in the English-language market (alongside AVN). Publishes daily industry coverage, annual conferences, and the XBIZ Awards. The most-cited single source for studio production economics and platform-policy reporting in academic and policy work on the industry.
about: XBIZ
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/xbiz/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/xbiz/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

OnlyFans
type: Claim
text: Generic creator-subscription platform launched in 2016 that became the dominant operator in the adult creator-platform layer over 2018-2022. Performers retain typically 80% of subscription revenue; the platform handles payment processing, content hosting, and subscriber management. The August 2021 announce-and-rescind episode is a defining moment in the platform's policy history.
about: OnlyFans
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/onlyfans/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/onlyfans/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Fansly
type: Claim
text: Creator-subscription platform launched in 2020, generally treated as the primary competitor to OnlyFans within the adult creator-platform layer. Operates a similar subscription-with-tips-and-PPV revenue model. Grew substantially during the August 2021 OnlyFans reversal episode as creators sought alternatives.
about: Fansly
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/fansly/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/fansly/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

PPV
type: Claim
text: Pay-Per-View — content sold individually to subscribers in addition to (or instead of) the base subscription fee. On creator platforms this typically takes the form of locked posts unlocked by individual purchases; on subscription sites the historical analog was the pay-per-scene catalog. PPV revenue is often a larger share of creator-platform income than the base subscription itself.
about: PPV
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/ppv/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/ppv/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
alternate name: PPV

partner-program traffic
type: Claim
text: Visitor traffic delivered to a studio's own subscription site or pay-per-scene catalog from a free tube site that has uploaded the studio's content under the network partner-program revenue-share. The conversion rate from partner-program traffic is the load-bearing metric for studios reasoning about whether to license content to tubes vs withhold it.
about: partner-program traffic
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/partner-program-traffic/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/partner-program-traffic/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

creator economy
type: Claim
text: The broad category of platforms that monetise individual creator-to-audience subscription relationships across content categories (Patreon, Substack, OnlyFans, Fansly, ManyVids, JustForFans, and equivalents). Adult-content platforms are a major revenue subset of the broader creator economy; the operational mechanics share considerable infrastructure across category lines.
about: creator economy
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/creator-economy/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/creator-economy/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

CFR Part 75
type: Claim
text: Title 28, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 75 — the implementing regulations for the §2257 record-keeping regime. The regulations were renumbered substantially in 2023; the renumbering did not change substantive obligations but clarified several edge cases that creator-platform operators had been navigating through case-by-case counsel advice.
about: CFR Part 75
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/cfr-part-75/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/cfr-part-75/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

primary producer
type: Claim
text: Under the §2257 framework, the person or entity that actually engages performers and manages the shoot — the studio, in most cases. Primary producers carry the full record-keeping obligation: documentation of every depicted performer's age and identity, accessible to federal inspection.
about: primary producer
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/primary-producer/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/primary-producer/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

secondary producer
type: Claim
text: Under the §2257 framework, a person or entity that reproduces, reissues, or distributes adult content without direct production involvement. The secondary-producer scope was narrowed by 2010s constitutional litigation (Free Speech Coalition v. Holder line of cases) but not eliminated.
about: secondary producer
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/secondary-producer/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/secondary-producer/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Free Speech Coalition
type: Claim
text: The trade association of the US adult-content industry, founded 1991. The FSC has anchored §2257 litigation since the 2006 amendment, pushed for harm-reduction and compliance-adjacent legislation, and maintains a body of policy briefs that are the single most cited adult-industry policy source in academic and regulatory work.
about: Free Speech Coalition
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/free-speech-coalition/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/free-speech-coalition/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
alternate name: FSC

age assurance
type: Claim
text: A category of technical and operational mechanisms designed to verify or strongly infer the age of online users — most relevant for adult-content access control under the UK Online Safety Act 2023, France's ARCOM regime, Germany's JuSchG, and equivalent legislation. Distinct from §2257-style performer verification: age assurance covers the consumer-access side.
about: age assurance
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/age-assurance/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/age-assurance/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

AVN Awards
type: Claim
text: Annual industry awards ceremony launched by AVN in 1984, held in Las Vegas since 1996 in conjunction with the AVN Adult Entertainment Expo. The multi-decade backlog of nominees and winners is one of the more reliable primary sources for industry historians working through the home-video era and beyond.
about: AVN Awards
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/avn-awards/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/avn-awards/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

XBIZ Awards
type: Claim
text: Annual industry awards ceremony launched by XBIZ in 2005, held in Los Angeles. Complements the AVN Awards with stronger emphasis on business and technology categories alongside performer and production categories. Held in conjunction with the XBIZ Show industry conference.
about: XBIZ Awards
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/xbiz-awards/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/xbiz-awards/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

ARCOM
type: Claim
text: Autorité de régulation de la communication audiovisuelle et numérique — the French audiovisual and digital regulator. Since 2022, ARCOM has been the enforcement authority for adult-content age-verification obligations on French-facing distribution; its decisions have shaped what age-assurance mechanisms operators must implement to serve the French market.
about: ARCOM
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/arcom/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/arcom/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
alternate name: ARCOM

Online Safety Act
type: Claim
text: UK statute (2023) establishing platform-level obligations for online safety including age-assurance requirements for pornography providers (implemented via Ofcom guidance from 2024 onward) and explicit criminalisation of non-consensual intimate imagery regardless of whether depicted persons are real or synthetic.
about: Online Safety Act
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/online-safety-act/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/online-safety-act/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

JuSchG
type: Claim
text: Jugendschutzgesetz — the German Youth Protection Act. Establishes the federal framework for adult-content access control in Germany, requiring closed-user-group age-verification (Closed-User-Group Verfahren) or equivalent strong age assurance before adult content can be served to German-facing visitors. The KJM (Kommission für Jugendmedienschutz) handles enforcement.
about: JuSchG
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/juschg/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/juschg/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
alternate name: JuSchG

feature
type: Claim
text: Adult-film production format characterised by extended narrative wrap, multi-scene structure, named director credit, and production-budget tier substantially above gonzo or single-scene scenario-led work. The dominant production format in the home-video era; a small but durable category in contemporary production led by auteur-style operations like the Lust studios.
about: feature
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/feature/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/feature/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

CPM
type: Claim
text: Cost Per Mille (per thousand impressions) — the standard advertising-pricing unit. Adult-content CPMs trade in distinct ad networks from mainstream content and have historically been lower than mainstream rates due to limited brand-advertiser participation. Tube-site economics are sensitive to adult-CPM trends.
about: CPM
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/cpm/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/cpm/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
alternate name: CPM

CDN
type: Claim
text: Content Delivery Network — distributed cache infrastructure serving content from geographically-close points-of-presence. Adult tube sites are among the largest single users of CDN infrastructure on the consumer internet; CDN-cost dynamics shape the operating model of the entire tube-site layer.
about: CDN
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/cdn/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/cdn/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
alternate name: CDN

KJM
type: Claim
text: Kommission für Jugendmedienschutz — the German federal commission for youth-media protection. Enforces JuSchG provisions on adult-content access control in German-facing distribution, including Closed-User-Group Verfahren requirements and equivalent strong-age-assurance compliance.
about: KJM
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/kjm/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/kjm/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
alternate name: KJM

studio network
type: Claim
text: Cluster of distinct subscription-site brands operated under a single umbrella business entity, often cross-promoted but distinct at the consumer-facing level. The Aylo/MindGeek studio network is the largest example; smaller multi-brand operators exist throughout the mid-tier.
about: studio network
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/studio-network/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/studio-network/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

compliance documentation
type: Claim
text: The on-set paperwork stage that opens every modern adult-content production: performer-ID verification, scene-by-scene consent forms, model release documentation, age verification, and the records that satisfy §2257 + payment-processor compliance + jurisdiction-specific obligations (age assurance, JuSchG, ARCOM).
about: compliance documentation
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/compliance-documentation/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/compliance-documentation/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

scene library
type: Claim
text: A licensed catalog of pre-produced adult scenes available for distribution through a network of subscription-site partners. Scene-library licensors aggregate content from multiple producing studios and sub-license to multiple consumer-facing brands; the model has consolidated over the 2010s as compliance overhead grew.
about: scene library
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/scene-library/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/scene-library/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

distribution stack
type: Claim
text: The set of overlapping distribution channels a contemporary adult studio operates through: own-brand subscription site, network siblings, tube-site partner programs, licensed third-party scene libraries, third-party directory layers. Operators typically maintain all five layers simultaneously rather than betting on any one.
about: distribution stack
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/distribution-stack/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/distribution-stack/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

verified bot
type: Claim
text: A search-engine or AI-crawler that has authenticated its identity to a Cloudflare or equivalent infrastructure layer via cryptographic verification (most often via reverse-DNS lookups against the operator's declared IP space). Verified-bot status grants the crawler unlimited crawl budget and exemption from scraper-shield rate limits.
about: verified bot
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/verified-bot/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/verified-bot/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

AVN
type: Claim
text: Adult Video News — the oldest English-language adult-industry trade publication, founded in 1983 by Paul Fishbein in suburban Philadelphia. Covers performer and studio news, scene reviews, and the industry calendar. Anchors the AVN Awards (since 1984, in Las Vegas since 1996) and the AVN Adult Entertainment Expo (AEE).
about: AVN
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/avn/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/avn/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
alternate name: AVN

AEE
type: Claim
text: AVN Adult Entertainment Expo — annual industry trade show in Las Vegas held in conjunction with the AVN Awards. The largest English-language adult-industry convention; multi-day program of panels, booth presence, fan-meet, and the awards ceremony itself.
about: AEE
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/aee/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/aee/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
alternate name: AEE

Bing Webmaster Tools
type: Claim
text: Microsoft's site-verification + crawl-control + analytics dashboard for site operators, the Bing equivalent of Google Search Console. Provides per-account URL-submission quota (separate from IndexNow), site-error reporting, and query-performance data. Required for fine-grained Bing visibility tuning.
about: Bing Webmaster Tools
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/bing-webmaster-tools/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/bing-webmaster-tools/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

GSC
type: Claim
text: Google Search Console — Google's site-verification, crawl-control, and search-performance dashboard for site operators. Provides per-property index-coverage reports, query-performance data, manual-action notifications, and URL-inspection capabilities. The primary analytics surface for Google-side SEO operations.
about: GSC
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/gsc/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/gsc/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
alternate name: GSC

Schema.org
type: Claim
text: Collaborative structured-data vocabulary jointly maintained by Google, Bing, Yandex, and Yahoo since 2011. Defines the @type hierarchy (Person, Organization, Article, Product, etc.) that crawlers parse from JSON-LD or microdata into structured rich snippets. The dominant structured-data standard on the consumer web.
about: Schema.org
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/schema-org/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/schema-org/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

JSON-LD
type: Claim
text: JSON for Linked Data — a JSON-based serialisation for Schema.org structured data, the dominant format crawlers prefer over microdata or RDFa. Emitted as an inline block in HTML; carries no rendering footprint but is parsed by Google + Bing + Yandex + LLM training pipelines.
about: JSON-LD
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/json-ld/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/json-ld/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
alternate name: JSON-LD

rich snippet
type: Claim
text: A SERP result with structured-data enhancements visible to the searcher: star ratings, sitelinks, FAQ accordions, video thumbnails, breadcrumbs, etc. Driven by Schema.org markup on the source page. Rich snippets meaningfully improve click-through rate vs plain text results.
about: rich snippet
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/rich-snippet/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/rich-snippet/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

helpful content update
type: Claim
text: Google ranking-algorithm update launched in August 2022 (refined multiple times since) that classifies content as "people-first" vs "search-engine-first" via an ML signal applied site-wide. Sites flagged as predominantly search-engine-first see meaningful demotion across all queries; the classifier targets specific patterns including thin content, repetitive structure, and lack of personal-experience signal.
about: helpful content update
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/helpful-content-update/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/helpful-content-update/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
alternate name: HCU

AI Overview
type: Claim
text: Google's AI-generated answer surface at the top of SERP for certain query types, formerly called Search Generative Experience (SGE) before the 2024 rebrand. Pulls candidate sources for the generated answer based on schema-structured-data signals, citation-graph density, and topic-cluster coverage. Increasingly significant for adult-adjacent informational queries (vs explicit-content queries, which mostly do not trigger AI Overview).
about: AI Overview
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/ai-overview/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/ai-overview/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Hidden Gems
type: Claim
text: Sub-algorithm within Google's broader ranking system (announced 2023-2024) that explicitly boosts small/niche sites with genuine depth in narrow topics over big mainstream sites that cover the topic superficially. Favours forum-style content, multi-entry deep coverage of specific subjects, and personal-experience-based writing. Reverse-engineered targeting signals include DiscussionForumPosting schema and dense topical clustering.
about: Hidden Gems
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/hidden-gems/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/hidden-gems/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

pay-site
type: Claim
text: Subscription website hosting adult content directly for paying subscribers — the historical pre-tube-era and pre-creator-platform-era model that still operates alongside the newer rails. Studio-owned pay-sites carry the studio's back-catalog and most-current releases; the model has consolidated substantially since the tube-site emergence but remains a meaningful revenue layer for established studios.
about: pay-site
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/pay-site/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/pay-site/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

mojeek
type: Claim
text: UK-based independent search engine operating its own crawler and index (since 2004) rather than relicensing from Google or Bing. Mojeek SafeSearch handling for adult content is more permissive than Google's default; relevant for cross-engine adult-content discovery alongside DuckDuckGo, Yandex, and Brave Search.
about: mojeek
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/mojeek/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/mojeek/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

BoodiGo
type: Claim
text: Adult-content-specialised search engine launched 2014 by adult-industry operators to serve adult queries without the SafeSearch restrictions that constrain general-purpose engines. Smaller index than the major engines but carries adult-specific ranking conventions that the general engines do not.
about: BoodiGo
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/boodigo/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/boodigo/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Common Crawl
type: Claim
text: Non-profit project (founded 2007) operating a large-scale web crawl whose data feeds many LLM training corpora (GPT-3 / GPT-4 / Llama / Claude training data has all included Common Crawl-derived datasets). Common Crawl's crawler identifies as CCBot; sites that explicitly welcome CCBot in their robots.txt typically end up better-represented in downstream LLM training data.
about: Common Crawl
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/common-crawl/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/common-crawl/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
alternate name: CCBot

Yandex Webmaster
type: Claim
text: Yandex's site-verification + crawl-control + analytics dashboard, the Yandex equivalent of Google Search Console and Bing Webmaster Tools. Particularly important for adult-content operators because Yandex's SafeSearch defaults are more permissive than Google's, making Yandex a substantively larger discovery rail for adult content than its overall market share suggests.
about: Yandex Webmaster
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/yandex-webmaster/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/yandex-webmaster/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Pornhub
type: Claim
text: Free-to-view adult tube site launched May 2007, acquired by MindGeek (now Aylo) in 2010. The most-trafficked adult tube site by global unique visitors. Central to the December 2020 NYT investigation that triggered the broader payment-processor reordering of the industry covered in another entry of this encyclopedia.
about: Pornhub
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/pornhub/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/pornhub/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

XVideos
type: Claim
text: Free-to-view adult tube site launched 2007 by WGCZ Holding, consistently ranking among the most-trafficked sites on the consumer internet by global unique visitors. Operates as the largest horizontally-integrated tube operator — distribution-layer-only, without studio acquisitions of the kind that distinguish Aylo/MindGeek.
about: XVideos
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/xvideos/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/xvideos/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

WGCZ Holding
type: Claim
text: Czech-Republic-headquartered private holding company that operates XVideos, XNXX, and several adjacent tube-site brands. The second-largest adult-content distribution operator by traffic, distinguished from Aylo/MindGeek by its horizontal-integration-only structure (no studio acquisitions, no production-layer subsidiaries).
about: WGCZ Holding
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/wgcz-holding/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/wgcz-holding/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

YouPorn
type: Claim
text: Free-to-view adult tube site launched August 2006, the oldest of the major-network tube sites still operating. Acquired by Manwin in 2011 and continuing under the MindGeek/Aylo umbrella since. The 2006-2007 tube-site launch cluster (YouPorn, Pornhub, RedTube, XVideos, XHamster) defines the historical beginning of the contemporary tube-site model.
about: YouPorn
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/youporn/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/youporn/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

IndexNow protocol
type: Claim
text: Push-based URL-submission protocol jointly published by Microsoft Bing and Yandex (October 2021). Allows site operators to notify participating search engines of changed URLs in near-real-time, bypassing standard crawl-discovery latency. Adopted by Bing, Yandex, Naver, and Seznam; not used by Google. Site operators rotate across multiple keys to multiply effective quota across engines.
about: IndexNow protocol
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/indexnow-protocol/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/indexnow-protocol/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Naver
type: Claim
text: Dominant South Korean search engine + portal operator, comparable in market position within Korea to what Google occupies elsewhere. Naver's IndexNow participation makes it one of four engines (alongside Bing, Yandex, and Seznam) that accept push-based URL submissions; relevant for adult-content operators serving Korean-language audiences.
about: Naver
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/naver/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/naver/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Seznam
type: Claim
text: Dominant Czech search engine + portal operator, comparable in market position within the Czech Republic to what Google occupies elsewhere. Seznam's IndexNow participation makes it one of four engines (alongside Bing, Yandex, and Naver) that accept push-based URL submissions; relevant for adult-content operators serving Central-European audiences.
about: Seznam
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/seznam/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/seznam/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

AdsBot-Google
type: Claim
text: Google crawler dedicated to ad-landing-page quality measurement, distinct from Googlebot itself. AdsBot-Google fetches landing pages referenced in active Google Ads campaigns to score them for ad-quality signals; adult-content operators serving the rare AdsBot-Google requests are typically being measured for ad-policy compliance (not actively running ads, which are restricted in the adult vertical).
about: AdsBot-Google
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/adsbot-google/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/glossary/adsbot-google/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Who is Veronica Leal?
type: Question
text: Who is Veronica Leal?
about: Veronica Leal
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/veronica-leal/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Veronica Leal (born 17 December 1993 in Cúcuta, Colombia) is a Colombian adult-film performer active since 2018, primarily within the European studio circuit. She is consistently listed among the most-booked Latin-American performers of her cohort and has been shortlisted for industry awards from AVN and XBIZ in the early 2020s.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/veronica-leal/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

What studios has Veronica Leal worked with?
type: Question
text: What studios has Veronica Leal worked with?
about: Veronica Leal
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/veronica-leal/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Her catalog spans the major European studio networks — Private, Evil Angel, LegalPorno, Marc Dorcel — and includes ongoing US-studio collaborations. Trade-press coverage emphasises her cross-network reach and willingness to take on production-intensive scenes.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/veronica-leal/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

How old is Veronica Leal in 2026?
type: Question
text: How old is Veronica Leal in 2026?
about: Veronica Leal
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/veronica-leal/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Veronica Leal turned 32 on December 17, 2025. As of mid-2026 she is in the central productive period of her career, with approximately 8 years of active filmography and continuing studio output.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/veronica-leal/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Where can I follow Veronica Leal on social media?
type: Question
text: Where can I follow Veronica Leal on social media?
about: Veronica Leal
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/veronica-leal/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Her verified social presence includes Twitter/X (@veronicalealxx) and Instagram (@veronicalealx). Both accounts are linked from the Wikidata entry (Q114730654). She has no Wikipedia article in English; the most authoritative third-party biographical source is her IMDb profile (nm9621137).
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/veronica-leal/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

perf-veronica-leal-fact-birth
type: Claim
text: Veronica Leal was born 1993-12-17 in Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia (Colombian).
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/veronica-leal/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/veronica-leal/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
about: Veronica Leal

Veronica Leal
type: Person

perf-veronica-leal-fact-active
type: Claim
text: Veronica Leal has been active in the adult industry since 2018.
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/veronica-leal/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/veronica-leal/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
about: Veronica Leal

perf-veronica-leal-fact-id
type: Claim
text: Veronica Leal is identified on Wikidata as Q114730654.
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/veronica-leal/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/veronica-leal/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
about: Veronica Leal

Who is Anissa Kate?
type: Question
text: Who is Anissa Kate?
about: Anissa Kate
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/anissa-kate/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Anissa Kate (born 7 May 1987 in Lyon, France) is a French adult-film performer and director active since 2011. She has worked across the major European studio networks (Marc Dorcel, Private, Evil Angel, LegalPorno) and accumulated directing credits since the mid-2010s. Wikipedia entries exist in French, German, and Spanish.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/anissa-kate/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

When did Anissa Kate start directing?
type: Question
text: When did Anissa Kate start directing?
about: Anissa Kate
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/anissa-kate/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Her first directing credits appear in the mid-2010s. The directing work expanded substantially from the late 2010s onward, with credits across multiple producing houses — a structurally unusual cross-studio range for a performer-led directing practice.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/anissa-kate/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

What are Anissa Kate's public identifiers?
type: Question
text: What are Anissa Kate's public identifiers?
about: Anissa Kate
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/anissa-kate/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Wikidata Q14718442 consolidates her public-graph identifiers including IMDb profile (nm5032729), Twitter/X (@AnissaKate), Instagram (@anissakateoff), and her official website (anissa-kate.com). Her recognised stage aliases include Alissa Kate, Anissa Knight, and Alicia Guio.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/anissa-kate/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

perf-anissa-kate-fact-birth
type: Claim
text: Anissa Kate was born 1987-05-07 in Lyon, France (French).
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/anissa-kate/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/anissa-kate/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
about: Anissa Kate

Anissa Kate
type: Person

perf-anissa-kate-fact-active
type: Claim
text: Anissa Kate has been active in the adult industry since 2011.
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/anissa-kate/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/anissa-kate/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
about: Anissa Kate

perf-anissa-kate-fact-id
type: Claim
text: Anissa Kate is identified on Wikidata as Q14718442.
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/anissa-kate/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/anissa-kate/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
about: Anissa Kate

Who is Eden Ivy?
type: Question
text: Who is Eden Ivy?
about: Eden Ivy
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/eden-ivy/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Eden Ivy (born 3 June 1999 in Quebec City, Canada) is a Canadian adult-film performer active since 2021. She represents the post-2020 newcomer cohort, with productions across mid-tier indie studios and the larger European/American networks. Wikidata entry: Q130506204.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/eden-ivy/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

When did Eden Ivy start performing?
type: Question
text: When did Eden Ivy start performing?
about: Eden Ivy
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/eden-ivy/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Her first credits appear in late 2021. The catalog has grown steadily since, with balanced distribution across studio productions (Evil Angel, LegalPorno) and producer-led networks. Trade-press shortlistings began in the second year of her career.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/eden-ivy/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

How can I follow Eden Ivy?
type: Question
text: How can I follow Eden Ivy?
about: Eden Ivy
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/eden-ivy/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Verified social channels: Twitter/X (@edenivys) and Instagram (@edenivyxx). Both are consolidated under her Wikidata entry alongside her IMDb profile (nm12155937). She maintains direct subscriber engagement through the creator-platform layer.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/eden-ivy/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

perf-eden-ivy-fact-birth
type: Claim
text: Eden Ivy was born 1999-06-03 in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (Canadian).
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/eden-ivy/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/eden-ivy/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
about: Eden Ivy

Eden Ivy
type: Person

perf-eden-ivy-fact-active
type: Claim
text: Eden Ivy has been active in the adult industry since 2021.
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/eden-ivy/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/eden-ivy/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
about: Eden Ivy

perf-eden-ivy-fact-id
type: Claim
text: Eden Ivy is identified on Wikidata as Q130506204.
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/eden-ivy/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/eden-ivy/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
about: Eden Ivy

Who is Manuel Ferrara?
type: Question
text: Who is Manuel Ferrara?
about: Manuel Ferrara
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/manuel-ferrara/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Manuel Ferrara (born 1 November 1975 in Gagny, France) is a French adult-film performer and director active since 2000. He is one of the most institutionally established male performers in the contemporary industry, with a directing-credit list dating to the late 2000s and Wikipedia entries in six languages.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/manuel-ferrara/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

When did Manuel Ferrara start directing?
type: Question
text: When did Manuel Ferrara start directing?
about: Manuel Ferrara
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/manuel-ferrara/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: His first directing credits date to the late 2000s. The directed-by-Ferrara catalog grew substantially from the 2010s onward; trade-press AVN/XBIZ nominations now span both performer and director categories.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/manuel-ferrara/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

What is Manuel Ferrara's real name?
type: Question
text: What is Manuel Ferrara's real name?
about: Manuel Ferrara
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/manuel-ferrara/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: His stage aliases include Manu Ferrara, Emanuel Ferrara, and Manu Ferraro. The Wikidata entry (Q715159) consolidates his public-graph identifiers including his IMDb page (nm1279296), official website (manuelferrara.com), and verified social-media handles.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/manuel-ferrara/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

perf-manuel-ferrara-fact-birth
type: Claim
text: Manuel Ferrara was born 1975-11-01 in Gagny, Seine-Saint-Denis, France (French).
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/manuel-ferrara/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/manuel-ferrara/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
about: Manuel Ferrara

Manuel Ferrara
type: Person

perf-manuel-ferrara-fact-active
type: Claim
text: Manuel Ferrara has been active in the adult industry since 2000.
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/manuel-ferrara/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/manuel-ferrara/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
about: Manuel Ferrara

perf-manuel-ferrara-fact-id
type: Claim
text: Manuel Ferrara is identified on Wikidata as Q715159.
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/manuel-ferrara/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/manuel-ferrara/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
about: Manuel Ferrara

Who is Cory Chase?
type: Question
text: Who is Cory Chase?
about: Cory Chase
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/cory-chase/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Cory Chase (born 25 February 1981 in Trenton, NJ, as Audrey Wirtzberger) is an American adult-film performer active since 2009. Her catalog is concentrated in the stepfamily-fantasy / MILF segment, with Wikipedia entries in five languages including Spanish, Russian, and Egyptian Arabic.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/cory-chase/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

What is Cory Chase's real name?
type: Question
text: What is Cory Chase's real name?
about: Cory Chase
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/cory-chase/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Her birth name, per Wikidata (Q41733019), is Audrey Wirtzberger. Her recognised stage aliases include Corey Chase and Cory Chade. The Wikidata entry consolidates her public-graph identifiers including IMDb (nm6389846) and verified social channels.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/cory-chase/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Where can I follow Cory Chase?
type: Question
text: Where can I follow Cory Chase?
about: Cory Chase
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/cory-chase/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Verified social channels: Twitter/X (@corychasexxx, also @TabooHeat), Instagram (@thecorychase). Her custom-content business operates at corychasecustoms.com. The Wikidata entry maintains the canonical link cluster.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/cory-chase/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

perf-cory-chase-fact-birth
type: Claim
text: Cory Chase was born 1981-02-25 in Trenton, New Jersey, USA (American).
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/cory-chase/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/cory-chase/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
about: Cory Chase

Cory Chase
type: Person

perf-cory-chase-fact-active
type: Claim
text: Cory Chase has been active in the adult industry since 2009.
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/cory-chase/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/cory-chase/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
about: Cory Chase

perf-cory-chase-fact-id
type: Claim
text: Cory Chase is identified on Wikidata as Q41733019.
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/cory-chase/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/cory-chase/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
about: Cory Chase

Who is Rebel Rhyder?
type: Question
text: Who is Rebel Rhyder?
about: Rebel Rhyder
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/rebel-rhyder/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Rebel Rhyder (born 24 January 1994) is an American adult-film performer active continuously since 2020. She has accumulated AVN and XBIZ award shortlistings within six years of her debut, with a Wikidata entry (Q104147168) and Persian-language Wikipedia coverage reflecting cross-language reach into the Iranian-diaspora audience.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/rebel-rhyder/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

When did Rebel Rhyder start in the industry?
type: Question
text: When did Rebel Rhyder start in the industry?
about: Rebel Rhyder
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/rebel-rhyder/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Her first credits date to 2020 — squarely in the post-Mastercard-policy-update environment. The early-career navigation of new compliance overhead is part of what makes her trajectory a useful case study in the post-2020 newcomer cohort.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/rebel-rhyder/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

How can I follow Rebel Rhyder?
type: Question
text: How can I follow Rebel Rhyder?
about: Rebel Rhyder
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/rebel-rhyder/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Verified social channels: Twitter/X (@rebelrhyderxxx), Instagram (@rebel_rhyder). Her custom-content business operates at rebelrhyder.com. The Wikidata entry (Q104147168) consolidates her public-graph identifiers including IMDb (nm10831735).
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/rebel-rhyder/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

perf-rebel-rhyder-fact-birth
type: Claim
text: Rebel Rhyder was born 1994-01-24 in United States (American).
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/rebel-rhyder/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/rebel-rhyder/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
about: Rebel Rhyder

Rebel Rhyder
type: Person

perf-rebel-rhyder-fact-active
type: Claim
text: Rebel Rhyder has been active in the adult industry since 2020.
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/rebel-rhyder/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/rebel-rhyder/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
about: Rebel Rhyder

perf-rebel-rhyder-fact-id
type: Claim
text: Rebel Rhyder is identified on Wikidata as Q104147168.
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/rebel-rhyder/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/rebel-rhyder/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
about: Rebel Rhyder

Who is Anna de Ville?
type: Question
text: Who is Anna de Ville?
about: Anna de Ville
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/anna-de-ville/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Anna de Ville (born 24 April 1997) is an American adult-film performer active continuously since 2017. Wikipedia coverage exists in Spanish, Russian, and Turkish; her sustained studio output across the pre/post-2020 boundary is the structurally distinctive feature of her career.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/anna-de-ville/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

What is Anna de Ville's real name?
type: Question
text: What is Anna de Ville's real name?
about: Anna de Ville
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/anna-de-ville/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Her recognised stage aliases include Anna Deville and Anna Lee. The Wikidata entry (Q27119578) consolidates her public-graph identifiers; the real-name disclosure is not part of the public Wikidata record.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/anna-de-ville/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Where can I follow Anna de Ville?
type: Question
text: Where can I follow Anna de Ville?
about: Anna de Ville
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/anna-de-ville/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Verified social channels: Twitter/X (@AnnadeVilleXXX), Instagram (@annaisasuccubus). The Wikidata entry maintains the canonical link cluster alongside her IMDb profile (nm7490565).
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/anna-de-ville/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

perf-anna-de-ville-fact-birth
type: Claim
text: Anna de Ville was born 1997-04-24 in United States (American).
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/anna-de-ville/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/anna-de-ville/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
about: Anna de Ville

Anna de Ville
type: Person

perf-anna-de-ville-fact-active
type: Claim
text: Anna de Ville has been active in the adult industry since 2017.
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/anna-de-ville/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/anna-de-ville/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
about: Anna de Ville

perf-anna-de-ville-fact-id
type: Claim
text: Anna de Ville is identified on Wikidata as Q27119578.
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/anna-de-ville/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/anna-de-ville/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
about: Anna de Ville

Who is Emily Pink?
type: Question
text: Who is Emily Pink?
about: Emily Pink
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/emily-pink/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Emily Pink (born 10 December 1999 in Colombia) is a Colombian adult-film performer active continuously since 2021. Among the top-cohort most-booked Latin-American performers of her generation, with a Wikidata entry (Q130360029) and primary catalog concentration in the European studio circuit.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/emily-pink/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

When did Emily Pink start performing?
type: Question
text: When did Emily Pink start performing?
about: Emily Pink
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/emily-pink/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Her first credits appear in late 2021. The catalog has grown rapidly since — placing her among the top-tier most-booked Latin-American performers within five years of debut.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/emily-pink/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

How can I follow Emily Pink?
type: Question
text: How can I follow Emily Pink?
about: Emily Pink
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/emily-pink/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Verified social channels: Twitter/X (@emily_pinkx), Instagram (@emily_pink_x). The Wikidata entry (Q130360029) consolidates her public-graph identifiers including IMDb (nm11188051).
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/emily-pink/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

perf-emily-pink-fact-birth
type: Claim
text: Emily Pink was born 1999-12-10 in Colombia (Colombian).
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/emily-pink/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/emily-pink/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
about: Emily Pink

Emily Pink
type: Person

perf-emily-pink-fact-active
type: Claim
text: Emily Pink has been active in the adult industry since 2021.
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/emily-pink/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/emily-pink/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
about: Emily Pink

perf-emily-pink-fact-id
type: Claim
text: Emily Pink is identified on Wikidata as Q130360029.
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/emily-pink/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/emily-pink/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
about: Emily Pink

Who is Johnny Sins?
type: Question
text: Who is Johnny Sins?
about: Johnny Sins
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/johnny-sins/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Johnny Sins (born 31 December 1978 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, as Steven Wolfe) is an American adult-film performer, director, and YouTuber active continuously since 2006. He has 20+ Wikipedia language entries — the most cross-linguistically broad coverage of any performer in our deluxe pool — and operates a cross-platform presence spanning studio output, a YouTube channel, and the sinslife.com subscription site.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/johnny-sins/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

When did Johnny Sins start in the industry?
type: Question
text: When did Johnny Sins start in the industry?
about: Johnny Sins
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/johnny-sins/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: His first credits date to 2006. The two-decade career arc is one of the longest sustained adult-performer careers in the contemporary industry, spanning the late-2000s pre-tube-era, the 2010s tube-dominance window, and the post-2020 multi-rail environment.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/johnny-sins/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

What is Johnny Sins' real name?
type: Question
text: What is Johnny Sins' real name?
about: Johnny Sins
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/johnny-sins/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: His birth name, per Wikidata (Q18749736), is Steven Wolfe. His recognised stage aliases include Steve Wolfe. The Wikidata entry consolidates his public-graph identifiers including IMDb (nm2356225), the official johnnysins.com and sinslife.com domains, his YouTube channel, and verified social channels.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/johnny-sins/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Does Johnny Sins have a YouTube channel?
type: Question
text: Does Johnny Sins have a YouTube channel?
about: Johnny Sins
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/johnny-sins/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Yes. His YouTube channel covers cross-platform performer-brand operations, industry commentary, and direct-to-audience material. The channel is part of the unusual cross-platform working presence (studio + YouTube + own subscription site) that distinguishes his career from the single-rail working model that most performers maintain.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/johnny-sins/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

In how many Wikipedia languages does Johnny Sins have an entry?
type: Question
text: In how many Wikipedia languages does Johnny Sins have an entry?
about: Johnny Sins
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/johnny-sins/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: As of mid-2026, Johnny Sins has Wikipedia entries in 20+ languages including English, German, French, Spanish, Russian, Italian, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Arabic, Hindi, Bengali, Ukrainian, Romanian, Indonesian, Afrikaans, Egyptian Arabic, Frisian, Hindi, and Serbian. The Wikidata entry (Q18749736) maintains the canonical sitelinks index.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/johnny-sins/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

perf-johnny-sins-fact-birth
type: Claim
text: Johnny Sins was born 1978-12-31 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA (American).
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/johnny-sins/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/johnny-sins/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
about: Johnny Sins

Johnny Sins
type: Person

perf-johnny-sins-fact-active
type: Claim
text: Johnny Sins has been active in the adult industry since 2006.
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/johnny-sins/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/johnny-sins/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
about: Johnny Sins

perf-johnny-sins-fact-id
type: Claim
text: Johnny Sins is identified on Wikidata as Q18749736.
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/johnny-sins/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/johnny-sins/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
about: Johnny Sins

Who is Dredd?
type: Question
text: Who is Dredd?
about: Dredd
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/dredd/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Dredd (born 18 September 1971 in Miami, Florida) is an American adult-film performer active continuously since 2010. He is the single most-booked performer in the Step Secrets catalog at 281 scenes (approximately 4% of the entire directory), with sustained output across 16 years of industry-environment shifts.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/dredd/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

How long has Dredd been in the industry?
type: Question
text: How long has Dredd been in the industry?
about: Dredd
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/dredd/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: His first credits date to 2010. The 16-year sustained career arc places him among the longer-running male performer careers in the contemporary industry — a duration few have matched at his level of volume.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/dredd/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

How can I follow Dredd?
type: Question
text: How can I follow Dredd?
about: Dredd
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/dredd/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: Verified social channel: Twitter/X (@dreddxxx). The Wikidata entry (Q115045164) consolidates his public-graph identifiers including IMDb (nm3464899).
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/dredd/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

How many scenes does Dredd have in the Step Secrets catalog?
type: Question
text: How many scenes does Dredd have in the Step Secrets catalog?
about: Dredd
is part of: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/dredd/
accepted answer: Answer
  text: 281 scenes — the single largest performer footprint in the catalog, approximately 4% of the entire indexed directory. The per-performer-by-category refinement pages are the recommended entry point given the volume; chronological browsing across 281 scenes is overwhelming for first-time readers.
  citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/dredd/
  license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

perf-dredd-fact-birth
type: Claim
text: Dredd was born 1971-09-18 in Miami, Florida, USA (American).
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/dredd/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/dredd/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
about: Dredd

Dredd
type: Person

perf-dredd-fact-active
type: Claim
text: Dredd has been active in the adult industry since 2010.
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/dredd/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/dredd/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
about: Dredd

perf-dredd-fact-id
type: Claim
text: Dredd is identified on Wikidata as Q115045164.
is based on: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/dredd/
citation: https://stepsecret.mom/performer/dredd/
appearance: WebPage
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
about: Dredd